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The Ruspoli are an old and noble Italian family.〔Following World War II and the fall of Fascism, democratic Italy officially abolished titles and hereditary honours in its republican Constitution with the exception of the nobility of Rome, (amongst which are the Ruspolis), insofar as they had been created by the pope, when he was a sovereign head of state. Titles bestowed after 28 October 1922 (i.e. after the rise to power of Fascism) were declared never to have existed.〕 The origins of the family can be traced back to the Ruspoli of Florence in the 13th century and through the family's claimed direct descent from Marius Scotus in the 8th century and the Marescottis of Bologna. In the 17th century the Ruspolis moved to Rome where the last descendant, Vittoria Ruspoli, Marchioness of Cerveteri, married Sforza Vicino Marescotti Count of Vignanello, a descendant of the Farnese family on both his mother's and father's side. One of Vittoria's sons took the Ruspoli name and coat of arms to guarantee the continuity of the house. In 1708, Vittoria's grandson, Francesco Ruspoli head of the Ruspoli Regiment fought to defend the Vatican State. In 1709 he forced the Austrians to a retreat and Pope Clement XI named Francesco first Prince of Cerveteri. == The origins of the family in Florence == There are traces of members of the Ruspoli family from the 13th century on the tomb stones in the churches of Ognisanti and of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Some of its members, in chronological order: * Lorenzo Ruspoli – Florentine noble — lived in early 13th century. * Neri Ruspoli – chief Ghibellin – in 1266 the Guelphs burned down his house in Florence. * Ser Bonaccorso Ruspoli — hotary in Florence and Ghino Ruspoli — lived in 1304 * Roberto Ruspoli — lived mid-14th century * Giovanni Ruspoli – born in 1363 – Gonfaloniere and prior in 1391 — built the Gentilizia chapel in Ognissanti Church. * Roberto Ruspoli and Zanobi Ruspoli – lived in 1391 * Lorenzo Ruspoli – born in 1384 – Praetor of Begonia in 1432 — Praetor of Piccioli in 1460 – Gonfaloniere of Florence * Giovanni Ruspoli – born on April 25, 1420 – Buried in Ognissanti — marries 1) Maddalena Buti 2) Bartolomea Paffi * Lorenzo Ruspoli – born in 1460 – associated with Amerigo Vespucci – marries Alessandra da Magguale It is Bartolomeo, son of the above-mentioned Lorenzo, that the family moved away from the imperial Ghibellines and came closer to the Vatican State. Bartolomeo Ruspoli was born in Florence in 1496. He formed a business partnerships with the Altoviti family, who were influential wool traders and bankers. In 1529 Bartolomeo travelled to Rome where he married Maria Ardinghelli niece of Cardinal Niccolò Ardinghelli, an influential member of the Farnese fraction and an intimate associate of Alessandro Farnese, future Pope Paul III. The Ruspoli were thus integrated into the Roman Curia and the papal court, and Bartolomeo’s children, both sons and daughters, were all married into families of the Roman nobility: Muti, Cavalieri and Floridi.〔Trevor Dean, K. J. P. Lowe, ''Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650'', Cambridge University Press 1998, page 207〕 In 1531 Bartolomeo Ruspoli was named Petitioner of the apostolic letters by Pope Clement VII. In 1535 he was made Prior of Florence. Gradually, and certainly by the 17th century, the Ruspoli had lost their identity as Florentine merchants and bankers, referring to themselves exclusively as Roman nobles.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ruspoli family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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